Spirometry

What is spirometry?

Spirometry is a test carried out by a qualified medical professional to diagnose illnesses that may affect a patient’s lung function.  This may be a nurse or doctor within a private clinic, a hospital, or a trained occupational health specialist for a company.

A spirometry test involves a small, medical instrument with a mouthpiece. A patient will take a deep breath and breath with force into the mouthpiece attached to the spirometer.

The spirometer will then measure the air flow and how the lungs are responding obstructively and restrictively, and this will help to diagnose any health problems relating to the lungs. By measuring the amount of air a patient breaths into a spirometer, the results will help diagnose a lung condition.

When should a spirometry test be performed?

A spirometry test is particularly advised if a patient experiences a symptom that relates directly to the healthy functioning of their lungs. For instance, this could be a persistent ongoing cough, a chest infection, unexplained difficulty in breathing, an irritation or they are over 35 and a smoker. 

Another reason someone may need a spirometry test would be if they are under consideration for surgery or a doctor may need it as part of several tests, even if it’s not directly related to the lungs, it may help to diagnose another condition. People who work in industries where they are exposed to fumes, chemicals and dust are also recommended for testing.

What is FVC?

Forced vital capacity (FVC) is the amount of air that can be forcibly exhaled from your lungs after taking the deepest breath possible, as measured by spirometry. This test may help distinguish obstructive lung diseases, such as asthma and COPD, from restrictive lung diseases, such as pulmonary fibrosis and sarcoidosis.

FVC can also help doctors assess the progression of lung disease and evaluate the effectiveness of treatment. An abnormal FVC value may be chronic, but sometimes the problem is reversible and the FVC can be corrected.

Types of spirometry tests

Spirometry can involve several different instruments in order to diagnose a condition. All spirometers however will conduct the same tests, to measure the amount of air a patient inhales and exhales. An additional test a doctor may perform is bronchodilator responsiveness testing (also known as reversibility testing). This test involves the patient taking a spirometry test, take a medication, and then tested again to see if their lung function improves.

Is a spirometry test safe?

A spirometry test is considered safe, though during the test and maybe for a short time after a person may feel dizzy or faint, this is the effect of the forced breaths into the spirometer. For this reason, there are some people who may need to check with a medical professional if a spirometry test is safe for them. 

People who have or recently experienced angina, have heart disease or problems with blood pressure would need to follow professional medical advice. A person who has recently been operated on should also seek advice, especially if the procedure was to the head, eyes, stomach or their chest. This is because during a spirometry test, pressure is increased in these areas of the body. If you are experiencing any symptoms that you think are related to your lungs, please contact a medical professional.

Why should organisations perform spirometry tests?

Spirometry screening may be carried out to comply with The Control of Substances Hazardous to Health (COSHH) Regulations in the UK and to look out for the wellbeing of their employees. They are needed to detect any early damage to an employee’s lung function and are usually carried out by a trained occupational health specialist.

There are many hazards within the workplace that require lung screening. An employee could be subjected to fume, dusts, paint spraying, metal plating processes, using dyes and many other chemicals that after frequent use, could affect their respiratory system. It is therefore vital that staff have the correct PPE and monitored closely if regularly exposed to these.